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Introduction to Chaos and Fractals

David P. Feldman

College of the Atlantic, Spring 2026

Basic Info

Introduction to Chaos and Fractals: Official Course Description

This course presents an elementary introduction to chaos and fractals. The main focus will be on using discrete dynamical systems to illustrate many of the key phenomena of chaotic dynamics: stable and unstable fixed and periodic points, deterministic chaos, bifurcations, and universality. A central result of this study will be the realization that very simple non-linear equations can exhibit extremely complex behavior. In particular, a simple deterministic system (i.e., physical system governed by simple, exact mathematical rules) can behave in a way that is unpredictable and random, (i.e., chaotic). This result suggests that there are potentially far-reaching limits on the ability of science to predict certain phenomena. Students in this class will also learn about fractals---self-similar geometric objects---including the Mandelbrot set and Julia sets. We will also read about and discuss the development of the field of chaos. In so doing, we will examine the nature of scientific communities, with a particular eye toward how changes in scientific outlooks occur. Throughout the course, students will be encouraged to explore the relations between chaos, fractals, and other areas of study such as literature, art, and cultural studies. Students who successfully complete this class should gain a quantitative and qualitative understanding of the basic ideas of chaos and fractals, a greater understanding of the cultural practice of science, and improved mathematical skills. Evaluation will be based on class and lab participation, weekly problem sets several short writing assignments and a final project. Level: Introductory. Prerequisite: A high school algebra course or signature of instructor. Lab fee: $10. Class limit: 24. Meets the following degree requirements: ES and QR


Who/when/where


Axioms

In mathematics, axioms are propositions that are assumed to be true. The mathematician Federico Ardila-Mantilla has written four axioms that guide the work he does in education and outreach. Federico's axioms resonate strongly with me. They are (slightly re-written to apply to physics as well as math):

  1. Mathematical and physics potential is distributed equally among different groups, irrespective of geographic, demographic, and economic boundaries.
  2. Everyone can have joyful, meaningful, and empowering math and physics experiences.
  3. Math and physics are powerful, malleable tools that can be shaped and used differently by various communities to serve their needs.
  4. Every student deserves to be treated with dignity and respect.

Community Agreement

Taking the above axioms as a starting point, let's think about what type of community we want to create this term. Here is a community agreement based on one written by Federico Ardila-Mantilla.

This course aims to offer a joyful, meaningful, and empowering experience to every participant; we will build that rich experience together by devoting our strongest available effort to the class. You will be challenged and supported. Please be prepared to take an active, critical, patient, creative, and generous role in your own learning and that of your classmates.


More Course Info and Advice

Course Goals

  1. Stay physically and mentally healthy and maintain intellectual and personal connection during a potentially difficult time.
  2. I want you to gain a solid understanding of the basic mathematical ideas behind chaos and fractals. As part of this, I hope you'll leave this course thinking somewhat differently about order and disorder, simplicity and complexity.
  3. I want to help you improve your basic facility with algebra and functions, your problem solving skills, your ability to create and interpret different types of graphs, and your overall mathematical confidence.
  4. I want you to gain a sense of how math and physics is done, and gain an awareness that these are not static, "dead" disciplines. I want you to gain a greater understanding of science as an institution and science as a culture, and how science intersects and influences other creative and scholarly areas.
  5. Have fun while growing and learning.


Texts

  1. Chaos: Making a New Science by James Gleick. This is a popular science book and is not a traditional text. I have around a dozen copies I can loan out.
  2. Chaos and Fractals: An Elementary Introduction, David Feldman, Oxford University Press, 2012. I'd suggest checking out the list of errata. Multiple copies will be on reserve on the library and I have copies to loan.
  3. We'll also read a few short papers, and maybe a short story and some poetry. The exact assignments will depend on the interests of the class.


Evaluation

Your evaluation will be loosely based on the following:

In general, I recommend against grades; I believe they are more likely than not to interfere with genuine, reflective learning. This is especially true in this class, where I have found that many of the class activities really don't lend themselves to letter grading. I do not have any quota of A's, B's, etc.


Course Structure and Flow

This is the nineteenth(!) time I've taught this course, so I have a pretty good feel for how the class will go. That said, more than any other course I teach, this course varies from offering to offering depending on the interests and personalities of the students in the class.


Stuff about Homework

  1. There will be an assignment due almost every Friday. It is essential that you do these assignments, as this is how one learns math, and also this is most of what your evaluation will be based on.
  2. There will be two parts to almost every homework assignment:
    • Problems to be submitted on WeBWorK
    • Problems to be submitted on "paper" (a scanned pdf) on google classroom
  3. WeBWorK is an online homework system. There are three reasons why I use WeBWorK:
    • You get instant feedback while doing the work, so you can learn right away from your mistakes. You can submit solutions many times until you get everything correct.
    • Some problems are randomized so that you will all get slightly different versions of the questions. This means that collaborating with other students will be maximally effective, since you'll have to share solution methods and not just the final answer.
    • Since the problems are automatically marked, I can spend more time helping you and won't have to spend as much time grading.
  4. If you need extra time for one or two of the homework assignments, it's not a big deal. But be mindful to not fall farther behind every week.
  5. I do not expect all of the homework assignments to be easy; I don't expect you to be able to sit down and do them easily the first time. Don't let yourself get frustrated. I strongly suggest working with others and seeking help if you need it.
  6. You are strongly encouraged to work together on homework. You can also consult me, class tutors, other faculty, friends, and family. However, the homework you hand in should represent your own understanding.
  7. As I plan on sending out homework assignments and other information via email/google classroom, it is important that you check your email/classroom regularly.
  8. You will want to have at your disposal a scientific calculator or phone/tablet app. I strongly suggest an actual calculator. You do not need a graphing calculator for this course (or, in my opinion, ever).


Help Sessions

The Teaching Assistants and I will have a handful of help sessions every week. You are warmly invited and encouraged to attend these sessions. Help sessions are relaxed, informal, and hopefully fun. Things that happen at help sessions:

  1. The TAs and/or I am around to offer help on the homework.
  2. Some students do most of the homework while at a help session. They work through problems alone or with others, and find it comforting to know that help is immediately at hand if needed.
  3. Others do the problems at home and come to the help session with specific questions.
  4. Some students work in groups at help sessions, others work more or less alone.
  5. Help sessions are also a chance to ask general questions about the course. Conversations also sometimes wander into other areas: politics, the state of the world, what's for dinner, what classes are offered next term, and so on.
  6. Help sessions are a great way to meet other students in the class.
  7. Often there will be coffee/tea and/or snacks.


Individual Meetings

I am happy to meet with students one-on-one. The best way to set up an appointment is to send an email. There are lots of reasons why you might want to meet with me:

  1. You have some in-depth questions that there isn't time to explore in a help session.
  2. You have a question that you think is too basic or you're uncomfortable asking in a help session. (You shouldn't be uncomfortable, since, as the saying goes, there are no dumb questions! But I understand that you might be uncomfortable nevertheless.)
  3. You want to explore possibilities for energy projects on campus or in the community.
  4. You want to discuss some challenges you're facing in the class.
  5. You want to talk about other classes in energy or physics, or internships, senior projects, etc.
Please don't hesitate to reach out if there's anything you want to discuss. You should also feel free to reach out to the TAs.


What your Evaluation is Based on

Your evaluation will be roughly on the following

The research project consists of multiple components: mid-term presentation, final presentation, final paper/report, and several preliminary assignments.


Diversity, Inclusion, and Belonging

It is my intent that students from all backgrounds and perspectives be well served by this course, that students' learning needs be addressed both in and out of class, and that the diversity that students bring to this class be viewed as a resource, strength, and benefit. I aim to present materials and activities that are respectful of diversity: gender, sexuality, disability, age, religion, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, and culture.

Learning about diverse perspectives and identities is an ongoing process. I am always looking to learn more about power and privilege and the harmful effects of racism, sexism, homophobia, classism, and other forms of discrimination and oppression. Your suggestions are encouraged and appreciated. Please let me know ways to improve the effectiveness of the course for you personally, or for other students or student groups. If something was said or done in class (by anyone, including me) that made you feel uncomfortable, please let me know. You can also reach out to: Provost Kourtney Collum; Puranjot Kaur, Coordinator of the Office of Title IX and Civil Rights Compliance; or Maya Caines, Restorative Practices Team Coordinator.


Gender-based discrimination: Title IX

COA is committed to fostering a safe, respectful, and inclusive campus where all community members have equal access to education and employment. We will not tolerate sexual harassment or gender-based discrimination of any kind.

As a faculty member, I am considered a "Responsible Employee." This means I am required to share any disclosures of sexual or gender-based misconduct with the Title IX Coordinator—even if the incident occurred before your time at COA. The purpose of this requirement is to ensure that anyone who has experienced sexual misconduct is offered support, information about their rights, and access to available resources. Please know that you are not required to respond to outreach, and a disclosure does not automatically result in a report to law enforcement.

For more information about Title IX, COA’s policies, and available resources, please visit: coa.edu/human-resources/title-ix.

If you would like to ask questions or explore support options, you are encouraged to contact COA's Title IX Coordinator, Puranjot Kaur, at pkaur@coa.edu. Speaking with the Title IX Coordinator does not automatically initiate a college resolution process. Much of her work focuses on providing supportive measures to help you continue to fully participate in COA's programs and activities.


Statements about Academic Honesty and Hours of Academic Engagement


Schedule

Important Links


Week 01

Monday, January 5, 2026


Wednesday, January 7, 2026

  • Topics: Qualitative and analytic solutions for exponential growth.
  • Handout: [Exponential growth]


Thursday, January 8, 2026


Friday, January 9, 2026

  • No homework this week.


Week 02

Monday, January 12, 2026


Wednesday, January 14, 2026

  • Topics: Euler's method!
  • Handout: tba


Thursday, January 15, 2026

  • To Do: Read Chapters 3 and 4 of Booth, Colomb, et al.
  • Topics: Discuss reading. More Euler's method.
  • Handout: tba


Friday, January 16, 2026


Week 03

Monday, January 19, 2026


Wednesday, January 21, 2026


Thursday, January 22, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Friday, January 23, 2026


Week 04

Monday, January 26, 2026

  • Topics: Snow Day!!
  • Handout: tba


Wednesday, January 28, 2026


Thursday, January 29, 2026


Friday, January 30, 2026


Week 05

Monday, February 2, 2026


Wednesday, February 4, 2026

  • Topics: R_0. Discussion of research topics and questions.
  • Handout: none


Thursday, February 5, 2026


Friday, February 6, 2026


Week 06

Monday, February 9, 2026

  • Topics: Work on Quests
  • Handout: tba


Wednesday, February 11, 2026

  • Topics: Present Quests
  • Handout: none


Thursday, February 12, 2026

  • Topics: Stochastic Simulation Algorithm (Gillespie Algorithm)
  • Handout: none


Friday, February 13, 2026

  • No homework for this week


Week 07

Monday, February 16, 2026


Wednesday, February 18, 2026

  • Topics: Hackathon! Code Code code! Also a little bit about function response curves (types I, II, and III).
  • Handout: none


Thursday, February 19, 2026


Friday, February 20, 2026

  • No homework this week.


Week 08

Monday, February 23, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Wednesday, February 25, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Thursday, February 26, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Friday, February 27, 2026


Week 9

Monday, March 2, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Wednesday, March 4, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Thursday, March 5, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Friday, March 6, 2026


Week 10

Monday, March 9, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Wednesday, March 11, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Thursday, March 12, 2026

  • Topics: tba
  • Handout: tba


Friday, March 13, 2026



The building in which we gather for this class, and all of College of the Atlantic, is located on traditional lands of the Wabanaki people. The four Native American tribes in Maine today are the Maliseet, Micmac, Penobscot, and Passamaquoddy, collectively referred to as the Wabanaki. Although largely a technical class, we will touch upon questions of energy colonialism and imperialism. I believe it is important to acknowledge that our presence on this land entangles us in the web of colonialism, past and present. The future, however, is still unwritten.